Comparative Analysis of Pedestrian Accidents Risk at Unsignalized Intersections
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3846/bjrbe.2015.36Keywords:
road intersections, safety, urban road, accidents data, virtual scheme, risk levelAbstract
More than one accident of three that involve pedestrians in urban area occurs at road intersections. The users’ inproper behaviour, the geometrical characteristics of the intersections, and the high speeds of vehicles are the main causes of pedestrian accidents. In this field, the procedures of road safety analysis (Road Safety Audit and Road Safety Review) play a fundamental role: they are the techniques of investigation aimed at identifying the safety issues and the possible improvements. Nowadays, however, the safety analysis does not allow a quantitative assessment of the level of safety regarding pedestrians. The objective of this work, is to propose a procedure for the quantitative risk analysis. The first phase of the study has been oriented to the definition of the virtual schemes associated with the possible configurations for unsignalized intersections in urban areas, predominantly characterized by local roads. The urban areas in which the residential function prevails, while it is poorly available in the circulation function, were considered then. The criteria, aimed at the characterization of the level of safety, offered to pedestrians by the real urban intersections, have been developed in the second phase. For this purpose, three categories of information have been useful: 1) the data describing the geometry characteristic of the intersection; 2) the geometric characteristic of road elements responsible of the functional pedestrian protection; 3) vehicular and pedestrian traffic data.References
Alhajyaseen, W. K. M.; Asano, M.; Nakamura, H. 2012. Estimation of Left-Turning Vehicle Manoeuvers for the Assessment of Pedestrian Safety Intersections, IATSS Research 36(1): 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.iatssr.2012.03.002
Badea, A.; Furones, A.; Pàez, F. J.; Gonzàles, C. 2010. Multivariate Modeling of Pedestrian Fatality Risk through on the Spot Accident Investigation, International Journal of Automotive Technology 11(5): 711–720. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12239-010-0084-3
Canale, S.; Distefano, N.; Leonardi, S. 2009. Progettare la sicurezza stradale [Designing Road Safety] EPC Libri, 992 p.
Chen, L.; Chen, C.; Ewing, R.; McKnight, C. E.; Srinivasan, R.; Roe, M. 2013. Safety Countermeasures and Crash Reduction in New York City – Experience and Lessons Learned, Accident Analysis and Prevention 50: 312–322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2012.05.009
Clifton, K. J.; Burnier, C. V.; Akar, G. 2009. Severity of Injury Resulting from Pedestrian-Vehicle Crashes: What Can We Learn from Examining the Built Environment?, Transportation Research Part D 14(6): 425–436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2009.01.001
Elvik, R.; Høye, A.; Vaa, T.; Sørensen, M. 2009. The Handbook of Road Safety Measures. 2nd edition. Emerald Group Publishing Limited. 1124 p.
Fredriksson, R.; Rosén, E. 2012. Integrated Pedestrian Countermeasures – Potential of Head Injury Reduction Combining Passive and Active Countermeasures, Safety Science 50(3): 400–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2011.09.019
Gitelman, V.; Balasha, D.; Carmel, R.; Hendel, L.; Pesahov, F. 2012. Characterization of Pedestrian Accidents and an Examination of Infrastructure Measures to Improve Pedestrian Safety in Israel, Accident Analysis and Prevention 44(1): 63–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2010.11.017
Ha, H. H.; Thill, J. C. 2011. Analysis of Traffic Hazard Intensity: a Spatial Epidemiology Case Study of Urban Pedestrians, Computers, Environment and Urban Systems 35(3): 230–240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2010.12.004
King, M. J.; Soole, D.; Ghafourian, A. 2009. Illegal Pedestrian Crossing at Signalised Intersections: Incidence and Relative Risk, Accident Analysis and Prevention 41(3): 485–490. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2009.01.008
Li, Y.; Fernie, G. 2010. Pedestrian Behavior and Safety on a Two- Stage Crossing with a Center Refuge Island and the Effect of Winter Weather on Pedestrian Compliance Rate, Accident Analysis and Prevention 42(4): 1156–1163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2010.01.004
Luoma, J.; Peltola, H. 2013. Does Facing Traffic Improve Pedestrian Safety?, Accident Analysis and Prevention 50: 1207–1210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2012.09.023
Milligan, C.; Poapst, R.; Montufar, J. 2013. Performance Measures and Input Uncertainty for Pedestrian Crossing Exposure Estimates, Accident Analysis and Prevention 50: 490–498. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2012.05.024
Miranda-Moreno, L. F.; Morency, P.; El-Geneidy, A. M. 2011. The Link between Built Environment, Pedestrian Activity and Pedestrian-Vehicle Collision Occurrence at Signalized Intersections, Accident Analysis and Prevention 43(5): 1624–1634. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2011.02.005
Mohammadipour, A. H.; Alavi, S. H. 2009. The Optimization of the Geometric Cross-Section Dimensions of Raised Pedestrian Crosswalks: a Case Study in Qazvin, Accident Analysis and Prevention 41(2): 314–326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2008.12.008
Moudon, A. V.; Lin, L.; Jiao, J.; Hurvitz, P.; Reeves, P. 2011. The Risk of Pedestrian Injury and Fatality in Collisions with Motor Vehicles, a Social Ecological Study of State Routes and City Streets in King County, Washington, Accident Analysis and Prevention 43(1): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2009.12.008
Prato, C. G.; Gitelman, V.; Shlomo, B. 2012. Mapping Patterns of Pedestrian Fatal Accidents in Israel, Accident Analysis and Prevention 44(1): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2010.12.022
Pulugurtha, S. S.; Sambhara, V. R. 2011. Pedestrian Crash Estimation Models for Signalized Intersections, Accident Analysis and Prevention 43(1): 439–446. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2010.09.014
Ren, G.; Gu, Ch.; Lu, L.; Zhou, Zh.; Ding, Ch. 2012. Modelling Risk Degree of Conflict between Crossing Pedestrians and Vehicles at Signalized Intersections, Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology 12(5): 76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1570-6672(11)60224-9
Siddiqui, C.; Abdel-Aty, M.; Choi, K. 2012. Macroscopic Spatial Analysis of Pedestrian and Bicycle Crashes, Accident Analysis and Prevention 45: 382–391. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2011.08.003
Zegeer, C. V.; Bushell, M. 2012. Pedestrian Crash Trends and Potential Counter Measures from around the World, Accident Analysis and Prevention 44(1): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2010.12.007
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2015 Vilnius Gediminas Technical University (VGTU) Press Technika
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.