Analysis and Evaluation of Trapezoidal Speed Humps and Their Impact on the Driver

Vilma Jasiūnienė, Gintarė Pociūtė, Audrius Vaitkus, Kornelija Ratkevičiūtė, Algis Pakalnis

Abstract


Operating speed is one of the leading safety risk factors, which increases accident risk and influences accident severity. Speeding is the leading cause of accidents and the most common road traffic offense. The key measures of speed control are educational activities and engineering traffic calming measures. This paper presents an investigation of trapezoidal speed humps – one of the traffic calming measures – and their impact on the driver and the occupants of the vehicle. The level of discomfort to the driver and the occupants, caused by vibrations when the vehicle passes the speed hump, was determined during experimental research. The discomfort level, calculated by three methods, indicated the leading cause of discomfort generated by the analysed trapezoidal speed humps.

Keywords:
discomfort in the vehicle; speed; traffic calming measures; trapezoidal speed hump; whole-body vibration

Full Text:

 PDF

References


AASHTO (American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials). (2010) Highway safety manual 2010 (1st ed.). AASHTO.

Bowrey, D., Thomas, R., Evans, R., & Richmond, P. (1996). Road humps: accident prevention or hazard? Emergency Medicine Journal, 13(4), 288–289. https://doi.org/10.1136/emj.13.4.288

Dupuis, H., & Zerlett, G. (1986). The effects of whole-body vibration. Springer Science & Business Media. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71245-6

Elvik, R. (2009). The Power Model of the relationship between speed and road safety: update and new analyses (No. 1034/2009).

Granlund, J., Ahlin, K., & Lundström, R. (2000). Whole-body vibration when riding on rough roads. Burlang (Sweden): Swedish National Road Administration.

Granlund, J., Lindström, F., & Vägen, R. (2003, July). Design of a shock-free speed hump. Proceedings, 10th international congress on sound and vibration. Stockholm, Sweden (Vol. 10).

ISO 2631-1:1997: Mechanical vibration and shock – Evaluation of human exposure to whole-body vibration – Part 1: General requirements.

Jaganmohan, M. R., Sivapirakasham, S. P., Balasubramanian, K. R., & Sreenath, K. T. (2014). Investigation of whole body vibration on urban midi bus. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 592, 2066-2070. Trans Tech Publications. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.592-594.2066

Ji, X., Eger, T. R., & Dickey, J. P. (2017). Evaluation of the vibration attenuation properties of an air-inflated cushion with two different heavy machinery seats in multi-axis vibration environments including jolts. Applied Ergonomics, 59, 293– 301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2016.06.011

Johanning, E., Fischer, S., Christ, E., Göres, B., & Landsbergis, P. (2002). Whole-body vibration exposure study in US railroad locomotives – an ergonomic risk assessment. AIHA Journal, 63(4), 439–446. https://doi.org/10.1080/15428110208984732

OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development), ECMT (European Conference of Ministers of Transport). (2006). Speed management. Report, ITRD Number E130442.

Khorshid, E., Alkalby, F., & Kamal, H. (2007). Measurement of whole-body vibration exposure from speed control humps. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 304(3-5), 640–659. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2007.03.013

Lings, S., & Leboeuf-Yde, C. (2000). Whole-body vibration and low back pain: a systematic, critical review of the epidemiological literature 1992–1999. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 73(5), 290–297. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004200000118

Lithuanian Road Administration under the Ministry of Transport and Communications. (2017). Statistics of fatal and injury road accidents in Lithuania. Retrieved from http://lakd. lrv.lt/en/sector-activities/traffic-safety

LST ISO 2631-1:2004: Mechanical Vibration and Shock ‒ Evaluation of Human Exposure to Whole-body Vibration. Part 1: General Requirements.

Paddan, G. S., & Griffin, M. J. (2002). Effect of seating on exposures to whole-body vibration in vehicles. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 253(1), 215–241. https://doi.org/10.1006/jsvi.2001.4257

Patel, T., & Vasudevan, V. (2016). Impact of speed humps of bicyclists. Safety Science, 89, 138-146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2016.06.012

Piersol, A. G., & Paez, T. L. (2009). Harris’ shock and vibration handbook. New York: McGraw Hill Professional.

Rosegger, R. (1960). Health effects of tractor driving. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 5, 241–275.

Sandover, J. (1998). High acceleration events: an introduction and review of expert opinion. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 215(4), 927–945. https://doi.org/10.1006/jsvi.1998.1604

Teschke, K., Nicol, A. M., Davies, H., & Ju, S. (1999). Whole body vibrations and back disorders among motor vehicle drivers and heavy equipment operators: a review of the scientific evidence (35 p.). Vancouver, Canada. https://doi.org/10.14288/1.0048193

Troup, J. D. G. (1988). Clinical effects of shock and vibration on the spine. Clinical Biomechanics, 3(4), 232–235. https://doi.org/10.1016/0268-0033(88)90042-3

Watts, G. R. (1973). Road humps for the control of vehicle speeds. Verkeerstechnick, 24 (NLR59 R & D Rpt.).

Wikström, B. O., Kjellberg, A., & Landström, U. (1994). Health effects of long-term occupational exposure to whole-body vibration: a review. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 14(4), 273–292. https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-8141(94)90017-5

World Health Organization. (2016). Global Status Report on Road Safety 2015. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/violence_ injury_prevention/road_safety_status/2015/en/




DOI: 10.7250/bjrbe.2018-13.404

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2018 Vilma Jasiūnienė, Gintarė Pociūtė, Audrius Vaitkus, Kornelija Ratkevičiūtė, Algis Pakalnis

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.