Analysis of Settlement Behaviour of Soft Ground Under Wide Embankment
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7250/bjrbe.2021-16.543Keywords:
finite element method (FEM), one-dimensional compression, settlement, soft ground, wide embankmentAbstract
An elastoplastic numerical model for calculating the consolidation settlement of wide embankment on soft ground is established using PLAXIS finite element software to investigate the settlement behaviour of soft ground under the wide embankment. The distribution rules are analysed and compared to narrow embankments, such as surface settlements of ground and embankment, lateral displacement of soft ground at the foot of embankment slope and excess pore pressure in soft ground. The influence rule of elastic modulus of soft ground on the settlement of soft ground under wide embankment is discussed. The results show that the settlement distributions of wide and narrow embankments on soft ground are “W” and “V” shapes, respectively. The maximum settlement of wide embankment is near the foot of the embankment slope, which is unequal to the settlement at the centreline of the embankment. The lateral displacement distribution rules of soft ground are both “belly” shaped at the foot of two types of embankments slope. However, the lateral displacement of the wide embankment is larger in each corresponding stage. During the construction period, the excess pore pressure in the soft ground under the wide embankment is much higher than that of the narrow embankment, so the post-construction consolidation time of the wide embankment is longer. Moreover, the macroscopic settlement rule of the wide embankment is still the same with the increase of elastic modulus of soft ground.
References
Allersma, H. G. B., Ravenswaay, L., & Vos, E. (1994). Investigation of road widening on soft soils using a small centrifuge. Transportation Research Record, (1462), 47-53.
Brinkgreve, R. B. J. (2002). PLAXIS Version 8 Reference Manual. Delft University of Technology & PLAXIS b. v., The Netherlands.
C C C C Second Highway Consultants Co., Ltd. (2015). Specifications for Design of Highway Subgrades (JTG D30-2015). Beijing, China: China Communications Press Co. Ltd., 64–70. (in Chinese)
C C C C First Highway Engineering Co., Ltd. (2006). Technical Specification for Construction of Highway Subgrades (JTG F10-2006). Beijing, China: China Communications Press Co. Ltd., 10–11. (in Chinese)
C C C C First Highway Consultants Co., Ltd. (2013). Technical Guidelines for Design and Construction of Highway Embankment on Soft Ground (JTG/T D31-02-2013). Beijing, China: China Communications Press Co. Ltd., 45–56. (in Chinese)
Chai, J. C., & Bergado, D. T. (1993). Some techniques for finite element analysis of embankments on soft ground. Canada Geotechnical Journal, 30(4), 710-719. https://doi.org/10.1139/t93-060
Chen, J. F., & Shi, Z. M. (2006). Analysis of the interaction between broad embankment and its subsoil. Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development, 23(2), 6-9. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1002-0268.2006.02.002 (in Chinese)
Chen, J. F., Shi, Z. M., & Shen, M. R. (2003). FEM simulation of settlement patterns of broad embankment. Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development, 20(4), 23-25. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1002-0268.2003.04.007 (in Chinese)
Gan, S. J. (2006). Research into settlement of super wide embankment on soft soil ground. Subgrade Engineering, (3), 16-19. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1003-8825.2006.03.007 (in Chinese)
Gates, R. H. (1968). Discussion of analysis of embankment stress and deformation. Journal of Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division, 36(3), 60-63.
Han, J., Oztoprak, S., Parsons, R. L. & Huang, J. (2007). Numerical analysis of foundation columns to support widening of embankments. Computers and Geotechnics, 34(6), 435-448. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2007.01.006
Highway Bureau of the Ministry of Transport of the People's Republic of China & C C C C First Highway Consultants Co., Ltd. (2014). Techical Standard of Highway Engineering (JTG B01-2014). Beijing, China: China Communications Press Co. Ltd., 17–20. (in Chinese)
Huang, S. G., & Zhang, X. W. (2007). Study on settlement behavior of super wide subgrade. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 26(s2), 4079-4083. (in Chinese)
Jiang X., Jiang Y., Wu C. Y., Wang W. Q., Geng J. Y., & Qiu Y. J. (2020). Numerical analysis for widening embankments over soft soils treated by PVD and DJM columns. International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 21(3), 267-279. https://doi.org/10.1080/10298436.2018.1461869
Jiang, X., Chen, X. L., Xiao, H., Zhang, Q. S., & Qiu, Y. J. (2019). Typical cases and identification methods for newly-built wide embankments over soft soil foundations. Journal of Transportation Engineering and Information, 17(1), 59-66. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1672-4747.2019.01.010 (in Chinese)
Jiang, X., Jiang, Y., Liang, X. J., Wu, C. Y., & Qiu, Y. J. (2015). Numerical simulation on deformation behaviors for widened expressway embankment over soft ground. Journal of Railway Science and Engineering, 12(5), 1039-1046. https://doi.org/10.19713/j.cnki.43-1423/u.2015.05.009 (in Chinese)
Jiang, X., Qiu, Y. J., & Zhou, C. (2006). On the settlement behavior of soft foundation under embankment loading. Hydrogelogy & Enineering Geology, (1), 111-114. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-3665.2006.01.029 (in Chinese)
Lu, W., Miao, L., Wang, E., Zhang, J., Zhang, Y., & Wang, H. (2020). A case study on geogrid-reinforced and pile-supported widened highway embankment. Geosynthetics International, 27 (3), 261-274. https://doi.org/10.1680/jgein.19.00024
Luan, R. G., Wang, L. J., & Li, Y. (2014). Research on settlement characteristics of wide embankment composite foundation of high-speed railway station. Journal of the China Railway Society, 36(10), 95-101. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-8360.2014.10.016 (in Chinese)
Mao, C., & Qiu, Y. J. (2002). Numerical analysis of consolidation settlement of stabilised soft ground in super wide embankment. Northeastern Highway, 25(3), 31-33. (in Chinese)
Shen, Y. M. (1992). Soft ground design of super wide embankment in Guangzhou Metro Depot. Subgrade Engineering, (2), 16-19. (in Chinese)
Trong, H. D., Phi, H. D., Sy, D. N. & Minh, H. H. (2016). Review on treatment methods of soft soil subgrade. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Machinery Manufacture, 1(1), 28-30.
van Meurs, A. N. G., van Den Berg, A., Venmans, A. A. M., Zwanenburg, C. Z., & Van, M. A. (1999). Embankment widening with the gap-method. In Twelfth European Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (Proceedings) the Netherlands Society of Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering; Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management; AP van den Berg Machinefabriek; Fugro NV; GeoDelft; Holland Railconsult (No. Volume 2).
Wang, J. L., & Xiong, Z. Y. (1992). Discussion on large area soft foundation reinforcement of Shenzhen airport ground and parking apron, Subgrade Engineering, (3), 60-70. (in Chinese)
Woods, R., & Rahim, A. (2008). CRISP2D Technical Reference Manual. The CRISP Consortium Limited.
Zhang, L. M. (1999). Settlement patterns of soft soil foundations under embankments. Canada Geotechnical Journal, 36(4), 774-781. https://doi.org/10.1139/t99-031
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Xin Jiang, Xiaoli Chen, Yongguo Fu, Hanyan Gu, Jinming Hu, Xing Qiu, Yanjun Qiu
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
