Assessment of the Road Ecosystem for Autonomous Vehicles
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7250/bjrbe.2024-19.651Keywords:
autonomous vehicles, communication system, infrastructure adaptation, Kendall method, road ecosystem, road infrastructureAbstract
The rapid advancement of autonomous vehicle (AV) technology heralds a transformative era in mobility, promising to redefine transportation with enhanced efficiency, safety, and sustainability. Realizing this potential necessitates road ecosystem that fosters seamless interactions between AVs, infrastructure, and societal elements. This article assesses road ecosystem criterion groups tailored for AVs, encompassing critical components for their seamless operation. It addresses physical and digital infrastructure, communications, social environment and road users, and legal and economic environments. Integrating these diverse criterion groups creates a holistic framework supporting AV deployment and operation. By assessing the interplay between these groups, the study highlights the most important areas that facilitate seamless AV integration. The analysis examines the importance of current infrastructure for AVs, the effectiveness of communication systems, and the impact of social environment and road users, alongside the regulatory and economic conditions necessary for AV adoption. This article underscores the critical need for a multidisciplinary approach in shaping the future of transportation, paving the way for a seamless and sustainable transition into the era of autonomous mobility.
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Fagnant, D. J., & Kockelman, K. (2015). Preparing a nation for autonomous vehicles: opportunities, barriers, and policy recommendations. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 77, 167–181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2015.04.003
Gasser, T. M., & Westhoff, D. (2012). BASt-study: Definitions of automation and legal issues in Germany. Road Vehicle Automation Workshop. Germany. https://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conferences/2012/Automation/presentations/Gasser.pdf
Ginevicius, R. (2011). A new determining method for the criteria weights in multi-criteria evaluation. International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making, 10(6), 1067–1095. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219622011004713
Goodall, N. J. (2014). Machine ethics and autonomous vehicles. In Road Vehicle Automation. Lecture Notes in Mobility (pp. 93–102). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05990-7_9
Gouda, M., Chowdhury, I., Weiß, J., Epp, A., & El-Basyouny, K. (2021). Automated assessment of infrastructure preparedness for autonomous vehicles. Automation in Construction, 129, Article 103820. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AUTCON.2021.103820
Greenblatt, J. B., & Saxena, S. (2015). Autonomous taxis could greatly reduce greenhouse-gas emissions of US light-duty vehicles. Nature Climate Change, 5(9), 860–863. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2685
Grigonis, V., Kondratovič, V., Palevičius, V., Juozevičiūtė, D., Karpavičius, T., & Smirnovs. J. (2023). Performance analysis of one-level signalized urban intersections with exclusive pedestrian phases and diagonal crossings. The Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering, 18(2), 65–89. https://doi.org/10.7250/2023-18.619
Hardaway, K., Teran, O., & Cai, H. (2022). Assessing the environmental implications of autonomous vehicle data management. 2022 IEEE 31st International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE), USA, 639–642. https://doi.org/10.1109/isie51582.2022.9831564
Jakimavičius, M., Burinskienė, M., Gusarovienė, M., & Podviezko, A. (2016). Assessing multiple criteria for rapid bus routes in the public transport system in Vilnius. Public Transport, 8(3), 365–385. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12469-016-0146-7
Jones, E., & Leibowicz, B. (2019). Contributions of shared autonomous vehicles to climate change mitigation. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 72, 279–298. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TRD.2019.05.005
Kato, S., Takeuchi, E., Ishiguro, Y., Ninomiya, Y., Takeda, K., & Hamada, T. (2015). An open approach to autonomous vehicles. IEEE Micro, 35(6), 60–68. https://doi.org/10.1109/MM.2015.133
Kendall, J. M. (1970). The turbulent boundary layer over a wall with progressive surface waves. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 41(2), 259–281. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112070000617
Kendall, M. G., & Gibbons, J. D. (1990). Rank correlation methods (5th ed.). Oxford University Press: New York, NY, USA.
Kondratovič, V., Čygas, D., & Juodvalkienė, E. (2023a). The evaluation of road infrastructure for self-driving vehicles. Mokslas - Lietuvos Ateitis, 15(1), 20–31. https://doi.org/10.3846/mla.2023.19428
Kondratovič, V., Čygas, D., & Palevičius, V. (2023b). An assessment of self-driving vehicles: road maintenance and infrastructure needs. 12th International Conference “Environmental Engineering” (ICEE-2023). https://doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2023.913
Litman, T. (2018). Autonomous vehicle implementation predictions: Implications for transport planning. Victoria Transport Policy Institute. https://www.vtpi.org/avip.pdf
Liu, L., Lu, S., Zhong, R., Wu, B., Yao, Y., Zhang, Q., & Shi, W. (2020). Computing systems for autonomous driving: State of the art and challenges. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 8(8), 6469–6486. https://doi.org/10.1109/JIOT.2020.3043716
Massar, M., Reza, I., Rahman, S., Abdullah, S. M. H., Jamal, A., & Al-Ismail, F. (2021). Impacts of autonomous vehicles on greenhouse gas Emissions – Positive or negative? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(11), Article 5567. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115567
Montgomery, D. C. (2009). Design and analysis of experiments (7th ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Palevičius, V., Ušpalytė-Vitkūnienė, R., Damidavičius, J., & Karpavičius, T. (2020). Concepts of development of alternative travel in autonomous cars. Sustainability, 12(21), Article 8841. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12218841
Palevičius, V., Burinskienė, M., Antucheviciene, J., & Šaparauskas J. (2019). Comparative study of urban area growth: Determining the key criteria of inner urban development. Symmetry, 11(3), Article 406. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym11030406
Reyes-Muñoz, A., & Ibáñez, J. (2022). Vulnerable road users and connected autonomous vehicles interaction: A survey. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 22(12), Article 4614. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22124614
Sobiech, C., Andersson, K., & Enqvist, B. (2024). Independent assessment in trials with automated vehicles – Drive Sweden Policy Lab Case 6. DiVA Portal. https://www.drivesweden.net/sites/default/files/2024-08/DSPL6-slutrapport.pdf
Szűcs, H., & Hézer, J. (2022). Road safety analysis of autonomous vehicles. Periodica Polytechnica Transportation Engineering, 50(4), 426–434. https://doi.org/10.3311/pptr.19605
Wadud, Z., MacKenzie, D., & Leiby, P. (2016). Help or hindrance? The travel, energy and carbon impacts of highly automated vehicles. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 86, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2015.12.001
Wang, G., Qin, Z., Wang, S., Sun, H., Dong, Z., & Zhang, D. (2024). Towards accessible shared autonomous electric mobility with dynamic deadlines. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 23(1), 925–940. https://doi.org/10.1109/TMC.2022.3213125
WEF. (2021). World Economic Forum. World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations. https://unece.org/sites/default/files/2022-02/FDAV_ Brochure%20-%20Update%20Clean%20Version.pdf
Zavadskas, E. K., Peldschus, F., & Kaklauskas. A. (1994). Multiple criteria evaluation of projects in construction. Technika, Vilnius, Lithuania.
Zavadskas, E. K., & Vilutienė, T. (2006). A multiple criteria evaluation of multi-family apartment block’s maintenance contractors: I – Model for maintenance contractor evaluation and the determination of its selection criteria. Building and Environment, 41(5), 621–632. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2005.02.019
Zhang, Q., Sun, H., Wei, Z., & Feng, Z. (2020). Sensing and communication integrated system for autonomous driving vehicles. IEEE INFOCOM 2020 – IEEE Conference on Computer Communications Workshops (INFOCOM WKSHPS), Canada, 1278–1279. https://doi.org/10.1109/INFOCOMWKSHPS50562.2020.9162963
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12.12.2024
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Copyright (c) 2024 Vladislav Kondratovič, Vytautas Palevičius, Donatas Čygas , Jurgita Rimkuvienė, Juris Smirnovs (Author)
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Kondratovič, V., Palevičius, V., Čygas, D., Rimkuvienė, J., & Smirnovs, J. (2024). Assessment of the Road Ecosystem for Autonomous Vehicles. The Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering, 19(4), 119-135. https://doi.org/10.7250/bjrbe.2024-19.651
