Screen-Out Stones Activated with Mineral Binders and Used as Material for Earth Construction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7250/bjrbe.2023-18.611Keywords:
quarry waste, screen-out, hydraulically bound mixtures, CBRAbstract
The article presents the e valuation o f h ow suitable waste from the production of aggregates in quarries could be in earthwork using the example of screen-outs from Krosno sandstone. The waste, called screen-out, is characterised by an uncontrolled content of dust and clay fractions. Screen-outs have a relatively low bearing ratio (CBR not exceeding 20%) and a tendency to heave due to frost (SE <35). To check whether the geotechnical properties can be improved, mixtures with 2%, 5%, and 8% binders, such as lime, fly ash, and two road binders with lime, fly ash, and cement were prepared. The analysis was based on the results of the CBR and compressive strength tests. The use of mineral binders caused the value of the immediate CBR to increase compared to the screen-out itself from a dozen to as much as 50%. For a binder containing 20% Portland clinker, the CBR was about 60% after 4 days of saturation, while for a binder containing up to 50% Portland clinker, it was over 200%. The value of compressive strength after 28 days of maturing ranged from about 100 kPa to 1 MPa for all mixes tested. The lowest values were obtained for screen-outs activated with fly ash, and the highest for road binder with cement content of up to 50%.
References
Abd Al-Redha Ghani, R., Al-Jummaily, M. A., & Al-Zerjawi, A. K. R. (2018). Study of cement treated base aggregate properties for pavement structure. International Journal of Information Research and Review, 5(1), 5093–5100.
Ahmad, O. A. (2021). The Strength Behaviour of Transitional Group A-2-7 Soil Stabilised with Fly Ash and Lime Powder. Arch. Min. Sci., 66 (4), 511–522. https://doi.org/10.24425/ams.2021.139594
Ampera, B., & Aydogmus, T. (2005). Recent Experiences with Cement and Lime – Stabilization of Local Typical Poor Cohesive Soil. In book: Veröffentlichungen des Instituts für Geotechnik der TU Bergakademie FreibergEdition: Heft 2005-2 Publisher: TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Institut für GeotechnikEditors: Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Herbert Klapperich.
Bilgen, G., & Altuntas, O. F. (2023). Sustainable re-use of waste glass, cement and lime treated dredged material as pavement material. Case Studies in Construction Materials, 18, e01815. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2022.e01815
Buczyński, P., & Lech, M. (2015). The Impact of One-, Two- and Three-component Hydraulic Road Binder on the Properties of the Hydraulically Bound Mixture. Procedia Engineering, 108, 116–123, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2015.06.126
Catalog of typical road surface structures intended for very light traffic and other parts of roads WR-D-63, Ministry of Infrastructure, Warsaw 2022.
Ćwiąkała, M., Gajewska, B., Kraszewski, C., & Rafalski, L. (2016). Recapitulation of research on frost susceptibility of unbound mixtures for pavement structures. Roads and Bridges, 15, 285–300. https://doi.org/10.7409/rabdim.016.018
Dudek. R., Baumann, S., Belniak, A., Talma J., & Mrozowska K. (2018). Optimization of the composition of cement-bound mixtures for the construction of road pavements on the example of the S17 investment from the border of the Mazowieckie and Lublin province to the road junction „Skrudki”. Monografie technologii betonu: X konferencja Dni Betonu: tradycja i nowoczesność, 51–63. https://www.dnibetonu.com/referaty/dni-betonu-2018-2/
Gawlicki, M., & Małolepszy, J. (2013). Potential hazards of utilizing industrial waste in road construction projects. Awarie budowlane: zapobieganie, diagnostyka, naprawy, rekonstrukcje: XXVI konferencja naukowo-techniczna: Szczecin–Międzyzdroje, 21–24 May 2013, 23–38.
Gawlicki, M., & Wons, W. (2011). Fly ash from fluidized bed boilers as component of fly ash-opc road binders. Prace Instytutu Ceramiki i Materiałów Budowlanych, 4, (8), 69–78.
Etim, R. K., Ekpo D. U., Attah, I. C., & Onyelowe K. C. (2021). Effect of micro sized quarry dust particle on the compaction and strength properties of cement stabilized lateritic soil. Cleaner Materials, 2, 100023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clema.2021.100023
Iwański, M., Buczyński, P., & Mazurek, G. (2016). Optimization of the road binder used in the base layer in the road construction. Construction and Building Materials, 125, 1044–1054. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.08.112
Li, J., Shen, W., Zhang, B., Ji, X., Chen, X., Ma, W., Hu, J., Zhou, M., & Li, Y. (2019). Investigation on the preparation and performance of clinker-fly ash-gypsum road base course binder. Construction and Building Materials, 212, 39–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.03.253
Kamara, K. B. B., Ganjian, E., & Khorami M. (2021). The effect of quarry waste dust and reclaimed asphalt filler in hydraulically bound mixtures containing plasterboard gypsum and GGBS. Journal of Cleaner Production, 279, 123584. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123584
Kołodziejczyk, U., Ćwiąkała, M., & Widuch, A. (2012). Use of fly-ash for the production hydraulic binding agents and for soil stabilisation. Mineral Resources Management, 28(4), 15–28. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10269-012-0036-9
Krithiga, N., Palayam, T., Pujitha, D., & Revathy, A. (2017). Soil stabilization using lime and fly ash. SSRG International Journal of Civil Engineering (ICRTCETM-2017) – Special issue, 511–515.
McCarthy, M. J., Csetenyi, L. J., Jones, M. R., & Sachdeva A. (2011). Clay-lime stabilization: Characterizing fly-ash effects in minimizing the risk of sulfate heave. World of Coal Ash (WOCA) Conference – May 9–12, 2011 in Denver, Co, USA. http://www.flyash.info/2011/118-McCarthy-2011.pdf
Miller, G. A., & Azad S. (2000). Influence of soil type on stabilization with cement kiln dust. Construction and Building Materials, 14(2), 89–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0950-0618(00)00007-6
Polish Standards Institute (2005) PN-EN 13286-41:2005. Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures - Part 41: Test method for the determination of the compressive strength of hydraulically bound mixtures
Polish Standards Institute (2007) PN-EN 13286-53:2007 Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures Methods for making test specimens - Part 53: Making cylindrical specimens by axial compression
Polish Standards Institute (2010) PN-EN 13286-2:2010 Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures - Part 2: Test method for the determination of laboratory reference density and water content – Proctor compaction
Polish Standards Institute (2012) PN-EN 13286-47:2012 Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures - Part 47: Test method for the determination of California bearing ratio, immediate bearing index and linear swelling
Product catalogue: hydrated lime http://www.alpol.pl/pl/katalog_produktow/go:28:146/ access 23.01.2023
Product catalogue: lime fly ash http://www.epore.pl/pl/popiol-lotny-wapienny- 10-01-02/ access 27.02.2021
Product catalogue: road binders https://spoiwex.pl/produkty access 23.01.2023
Rembiś, M., & Smoleńska, A. (2010). Resistance of selected Carpathian sandstones to salt crystallization and the changes of their microstructures. Mineral Resources Management, 26(1), 37–59.
Rezende, L. R., & Carvalho J. C. (2003). The use of quarry waste in pavement construction. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 39(1), 91–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-3449(02)00123-4
Tataranni, P., Sangiorgi, C., Simone, A., Vignali, V., Lantieri, C., & Dondi, G. (2018). A laboratory and field study on 100% Recycled Cement Bound Mixture for base layers. International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology, 11(5), 427–434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijprt.2017.11.005
Test reports no. 42, 171, 352, 357, 403, 438. Reports on tests carried out at the Laboratory for Testing the Properties of Rocks and Stone Products in the years 2004 - 2021, AGH Kraków, unpublished works (in Polish)
Ural, N., & Kahveci, A. N. (2023). Use of marble waste as a road base material in different size ranges. The Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering, 18(1), 18–46. https://doi.org/10.7250/bjrbe.2023-18.587
Utami, G. S. (2014). Clay soil stabilization with lime effect the value CBR and swelling. ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 9(10), 1744–1748.
Vukićević, M., Pujević, V., Marjanović, M., Jocković, S., & Maraš-Dragojević S. (2015). Stabilization of fine-grained soils with fly ash. Građevinar, 67(8), 761–770. https://doi.org/10.14256/JCE.1281.2014
White, D. (2005). Fly Ash Soil Stabilization for Non-Uniform Subgrade Soils, Volume I. Engineering Properties and Construction Guidelines. Iowa State University.
Witek, M., & Owczarek, M. (2014). Mixtures bound with hydraulic binder acc. to WT5: 2010 GDDKiA from the point of view of concrete manufacturer – comparison with currently applicable instructions for stabilization layers and base courses. Monografie technologii betonu: VIII konferencja Dni Betonu: tradycja i nowoczesność. https://www.dnibetonu.com/wp-content/pdfs/2014/Witek_Owczarek.pdf
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Joanna Hydzik-Wiśniewska, Łukasz Ostrowski, Anna Wilk, Adrian Krajewski
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
